

Photograph: BSIP/UIG via Getty Imagesīut the flu virus also shows a propensity to mutate and generate variants hence the need to manufacture new vaccines each year for seasonal outbreaks. Virus H1N1, responsible for the Spanish Flu pandemic in 1918-19. Antibodies are triggered and immune cells rush to the site of infection, releasing viral-killing cytokine chemicals a consequent local inflammation is perhaps a small price to be paid by the host. Once reproduction is complete, the replicated virus must leave the host, be carried in the air, and infect another, if it is to thrive.įlu’s symptoms represent the body’s immune response to the viral invasion.

In human hosts the desired cells are those lining the lung. We now know that the flu virus is a parasite that needs the host cell of another living organism in order to reproduce. There were no tools available to identify the invisible agent of disease. Its victims reported dizziness, fevers, lethargy and coughing up blood for at least two out of every 100 people who caught the bug, the outcome, within weeks, was death especially vulnerable were those aged between 20 and 40.

At the end of the war, among weakened soldiers and undernourished populations, flu appeared as a shocking and unheralded visitor, and spread with alarming speed. Pale Rider sets out to change this it’s both a saga of tragedies and a detective story.
